Cholecystectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the gallbladder, a small organ located under the liver that stores bile produced by the liver. The procedure is typically performed to treat conditions such as gallstones, which can cause pain, inflammation, or infection of the gallbladder, a condition known as cholecystitis. Cholecystectomy can be done using two main approaches: laparoscopic, which is minimally invasive and involves several small incisions and the use of a camera and specialized instruments, or open surgery, which requires a larger abdominal incision. The primary cause for performing a cholecystectomy is the presence of symptomatic gallstones or inflammation that does not respond to conservative treatments like medication or dietary changes. While the surgery is generally effective and has a high success rate, it is associated with potential complications. Common risks include infection at the incision site, bleeding, and injury to surrounding organs such as the liver or bile ducts. Some patients may experience gastrointestinal symptoms post-surgery, such as diarrhea or difficulty digesting fatty foods, due to changes in bile flow. There is also a risk of bile leakage or the formation of bile duct strictures, which may require additional treatment or surgery. Despite these risks, cholecystectomy is a well-established procedure that provides significant relief from symptoms and improves the quality of life for individuals suffering from gallbladder-related issues. Most patients recover fully and can resume normal activities within a few weeks, especially with the laparoscopic approach.
